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Africa Timeline

This version was saved 16 years ago View current version     Page history
Saved by Barbara Allen
on April 21, 2008 at 3:50:39 pm
 

 

 http://www.mapungubwe.com/cultural.htm Iron age culture at border of Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa

 



 Time  Event  Region Notes
 5 - 2.5 Million BCE  Lucy Remains  Ethiopia http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline.htm
 600,000-200,000 BC  San people spread throughout the continent  Africa  
 25,000-10,000 BC  Rock paintings created  Africa  
 6000-4000

 Emergence of River people along Nile and Congo

Rise of agriculture in SubSaharan

    
 4500  First known written documents  Egypt  
 4000-1000  Rise of kingdoms  Nile Valley  
 1000-800  Bantu migration  

Bantu probably originated in West Africa, migrated downward to Subsaharan area, largest migration in human history, agriculturalists or pastoralists

Bantu split in Eastern, migrating down into South Africa, and Western, migrating into Angola, Namibia, and Botswana
 600  Bantu cities  Southern Africa Great Zimbabwe, Dhlo-Dhlo, Kilwa, Sofala flourishing through 1600 AD
 610  Islam    
 639-641  Islam conquers Egypt    
 700  Slave trade   Slave trade from 700-1911
 800  Trans Sahara Gold Trade   From Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, gold, kola nuts, and slaves were sent north across the sahel to trade for cloth, utensils and salt
 1000  Soninke empire  Ghana  
 1200-  Mali Empire  Mali  
 1439

 Portuguese

exploration

  West Africa  
 1441 Portugeuese slave trade    
1497   South Africa Vasco da Gama lands in Natal
 1550-  Other European slavers    
 1591  Fall of Songhai Empire    
 1652  Dutch (Boer) Colonize  South Africa  
1700-1717 Rise of Ashanti Empire Ghana  
1720 Rise of Dahomey Dahomey  
1700-1800 Atlantic Slave Trade    
1795-1815     British seize control of Cape Colony (South Africa) from Dutch
1818-1828 Shaka (Zulu)   Shaka unified Nguni, start of mfecane, rise of Zulu kingdom. Shaka assassinated in 1828, but Zulu power kept rising
1822 Creation Liberia  
1830   Zimbabwe Mzilikazi founds Ndebele state
1834     Mzilikazi invades Rowsi state http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/africans.html
1830-1834 BoerTrekkers   Boers move north across Orange River, establish Orange Free State and Transvaal
1852   South Africa British grant limited self-government to Transvaal
late 1850's   South Africa Boers proclaim Transvaal a republic
       
1867   South Africa Diamonds discovered at Kimberly
1870     Ndebele capital moved to Bulawayo
1874    

Britain defeats Ashanti Kingdom

http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/africans.html
1871-1912 Imperialism   Global European Imperialism at its height: The "scramble for Africa" proceeds, rationalized as a "civilizing mission" based on white supremacy. Europeans assert their "spheres of interest" in African colonies arbitrarily, cutting across traditionally established boundaries, homelands, and ethnic groupings of African peoples and cultures. Following a "divide and rule" theory, Europeans promote traditional inter-ethnic hostilities. "The European onslaught of Africa that began in the mid 1400s progressed to various conquests over the continent, and culminated over 400 years later with the partitioning of Africa. Armed with guns, fortified by ships, driven by the industry of capitalist economies in search of cheap raw materials, and unified by a Christian and racist ideology against the African 'heathen,' aggressive European colonial interests followed their earlier merchant and missionary inroads into Africa"--Prof. Malaika Mutere, Howard Univ., African Culture & Aesthetics, African Odyssey Interactive:
       
1884-1885     Europes divides up Africa at Berlin Conference.  No Africans invited.
1877   South Africa Britain annexes Transvaal
1870's   South Africa Zulu war with Great Britain
mid 1880's   South Africa Gold discovered in Transvaal
1890   Zimbabwe Cecil Rhodes conquers Ndebele state
1899-1902   South Africa Anglo-Boer war
1902     Benin (Dahomey) is French colony
1910   South Africa Formation of South Africa from Cape and Natal colonies, Orange Free State and Transvaal
1922   Zimbabwe British settlers vote to secede from South Africa
1934   Zimbabwe Racial laws forbid blacks from running business in Rhode
       
1948   South Africa Apartheid policy established
1950's   Kenya Jomo Kenyatta, wars for Kenya independence
1957   Ghana First independent Black state
1958   South Africa South Africa independent from Britain
1960   Mali Mali becomes independent
1960-1961   Zaire Zaire (Belguim Congo) independent
1964     Northern Rhodesia secedes and becomes Zambia
1965   Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) declares (white minority) independence from Britain
1966-1968   South Africa Lesotho, Botswana, and Swaziland become independent states
1970   Angola Portugal loses African colonies
1980   Zimbabwe Zimbabwe gains independence from white minority rule (Robert Mugabe)
1970's   South Africa Apartheid enforced, blacks resettled in 'homelands'
1990   South Africa Nelson Mandela freed
1991   South Africa Apartheid abolished
1994   Zaire, Ruwanda Hutus massacre Tutsis
       

 

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